To ensure stable product quality of biopharmaceuticals, the U.S. FDA encourages the industry to apply the process analytical technology (PAT) guidelines. These guidelines strongly recommend advancements in sensor monitoring and control technology as the important means for improving performance of pharmaceutical manufacturing. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to this advancement of sensor technology, by proposing alternative ways to apply existing sensors for monitoring and control of upstream bioprocesses. Cutting-edge sensor technologies are evaluated with respect to their suitability for process monitoring of critical process parameters. Learn More